An Overview of West Virginia's Rivers and Lakes

Largest and Most Famous Water Features

West Virginia is home to several notable water features. The Ohio River, a major river running along the state's western border, is one of the largest and most well-known. Other significant rivers include the Kanawha River and the Potomac River, with notable lakes like Summersville Lake and Stonewall Jackson Lake. Additionally, the New River, known for its rugged beauty, is another prominent waterway.

Sources of Water for Rivers and Lakes

Most of West Virginia’s rivers and lakes primarily derive their water from local precipitation and mountain snowmelt. For instance, the New River gets its flow from the highlands of the Appalachian Mountains. However, some rivers may receive water from distant sources, but the state’s water systems are predominantly fed by local sources. The flow of these waterways is significantly influenced by the state’s abundant rainfall and snowpack.

Types of Rivers in West Virginia

West Virginia features a diverse range of rivers, including perennial rivers like the Ohio and Kanawha, which flow year-round. Exotic rivers such as the New River, renowned for its unique features, also exist. Tributary rivers, including the Greenbrier and the Elk, feed into larger rivers, while the Monongahela River serves as a distributary. Man-made rivers, like the navigable sections of the Kanawha River, facilitate transportation and commerce.

Types of Lakes Found in West Virginia

The state hosts several types of lakes, including anthropogenic lakes like Summersville Lake, created for flood control and recreation. West Virginia does not have volcanic or tectonic lakes due to its geological history but does feature glacial remnants such as some small tarns. Landslide lakes are less common, though some fluvial lakes exist in the river valleys. Most lakes are a result of damming or other human activities.

River Flow Directions

Rivers in West Virginia predominantly flow north-south, consistent with the state's mountainous topography. For example, the Kanawha River flows from the southern mountains towards the north. The Ohio River also runs in a generally westward direction along the state's western boundary. Conversely, some rivers, like the New River, exhibit more varied flow patterns due to their rugged courses.

Natural vs. Man-Made Lakes

Many lakes in West Virginia are man-made, created primarily for flood control, recreation, or power generation. Notable examples include Summersville Lake and Stonewall Jackson Lake, both constructed by state or federal agencies. These lakes were developed in the mid-20th century to enhance water management and recreational opportunities. Natural lakes are rarer and typically smaller.

Rivers for Transportation and Cargo

West Virginia’s rivers are not heavily used for major transportation compared to some other states. The Ohio River serves as a critical transportation route, with significant cargo movement including coal and chemicals. However, overall cargo volumes are less extensive compared to major port states. The Kanawha River also supports limited barge traffic, primarily for regional transport.

Dams and Their Uses

West Virginia has numerous dams, primarily used for flood control, power generation, and recreation. The Stonewall Jackson Dam and the Summersville Dam are key examples, providing hydroelectric power and flood management. Additionally, these dams support recreational activities such as boating and fishing. The state's dam infrastructure plays a crucial role in water resource management.

Recreational Use of Rivers and Lakes

West Virginia’s rivers and lakes are popular for various recreational activities. Summersville Lake and the New River Gorge are renowned for boating, kayaking, and fishing. The Ohio River and the Kanawha River are also favored for jet skiing and house boating. These water bodies offer diverse recreational opportunities, attracting both locals and visitors.

Lakes Supporting Agriculture

West Virginia's lakes and reservoirs play a supportive role in agriculture by providing irrigation and water resources. While not as extensive as in some other states, lakes like the Stonewall Jackson Lake contribute to local agricultural needs. These bodies of water help manage water supplies for farming activities in the surrounding areas. Their role in agriculture is important for maintaining regional farming operations.

Pollution Issues in Rivers and Lakes

Several rivers and lakes in West Virginia have faced pollution issues, primarily from industrial runoff and mining activities. The Kanawha River has experienced contamination from chemical spills and industrial waste. Efforts are ongoing to address and mitigate these pollution problems. Overall, maintaining water quality remains a significant concern for the state’s environmental agencies.