An Overview of South Carolina's Rivers and Lakes

Largest and Most Famous Water Features

South Carolina's largest and most renowned rivers include the Savannah River, which forms part of the border with Georgia, and the Santee River, which is crucial for the state’s drainage system. Notable lakes include Lake Murray, created by the Saluda River, and Lake Hartwell, formed by the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers. The state also has significant reservoirs such as Lake Jocassee and Lake Keowee, both vital for hydroelectric power and recreation. Streams like the Broad River and the Catawba River play essential roles in the state’s water ecosystem.

Source of Water for Rivers and Lakes

South Carolina’s rivers and lakes are primarily fed by local rainfall and groundwater rather than snow melt from distant mountains. The state’s water sources are influenced by precipitation within its own geographic region and the nearby Appalachian Mountains. The streams and rivers mostly depend on rainwater and runoff from surrounding areas, with minimal influence from water sources outside the state. Thus, local weather patterns play a significant role in the hydrology of South Carolina.

Types of Rivers and Waterways

Major perennial rivers in South Carolina include the Savannah River, which flows continuously year-round, and the Congaree River, another consistent watercourse. Exotic rivers are less common in South Carolina, as most rivers are native to the region. Tributary rivers such as the Broad River feed into larger systems like the Congaree, while distributary rivers are less prevalent. The state features man-made canals like the Santee Canal and winding rivers such as the Pee Dee River.

Types of Lakes in South Carolina

South Carolina features a variety of lake types, with most being anthropogenic or man-made, such as Lake Murray and Lake Hartwell. Tectonic, volcanic, and glacial lakes are not present due to the state's geological history. Fluvial lakes, formed by river processes, and shoreline lakes are common in the state. Landslide and solution lakes are also rare, while anthropogenic lakes are created for purposes like recreation and power generation.

River Orientation and Examples

Rivers in South Carolina generally run in an east-west direction, aligning with the state's topography. Notable examples include the Santee River, which flows eastward into the Atlantic Ocean, and the Savannah River, which runs along the border with Georgia. The state’s rivers follow the natural gradient of the land, contributing to their eastward flow. North-south river orientation is less common.

Natural vs. Man-Made Lakes

The majority of lakes in South Carolina are man-made, created for purposes such as flood control, recreation, and power generation. Examples include Lake Murray and Lake Hartwell, built by state and federal agencies. Natural lakes are relatively rare in the state due to its geological history. The man-made lakes have significantly impacted the state's water landscape.

Rivers for Transportation and Cargo

Rivers in South Carolina are used for various forms of transportation, particularly in the Charleston harbor area, which handles significant cargo traffic. The inland rivers, however, are less utilized for major commercial transport compared to coastal shipping routes. The state’s river systems are more suited to local and regional transport needs. Specific cargo transport data is less prominent for inland rivers.

Use of Dams in South Carolina

South Carolina has numerous dams serving purposes such as flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation. Key dams include the J. Strom Thurmond Dam on the Savannah River and the Lake Hartwell Dam. These dams play a critical role in managing water resources and providing recreational opportunities. They also contribute to regional water management and energy production.

Recreational Use of Rivers and Lakes

Rivers and lakes in South Carolina are popular for various recreational activities, including fishing, boating, kayaking, and jet skiing. Lake Murray and Lake Hartwell are especially well-known for these activities, drawing visitors for water sports and leisurely pursuits. The Congaree River is also a popular spot for kayaking and paddleboarding. These water bodies offer diverse recreational opportunities for residents and tourists alike.

Support for Agriculture

Several lakes and reservoirs in South Carolina support the state's agricultural industry by providing essential irrigation water. Lake Hartwell and Lake Murray play significant roles in supplying water for agricultural needs. The controlled release of water from these reservoirs helps manage water supply for farming activities. Their influence is crucial for maintaining agricultural productivity in the region.

Pollution Issues in Rivers and Lakes

Some rivers and lakes in South Carolina have faced pollution challenges over the years. Issues such as industrial runoff, agricultural chemicals, and waste discharge have impacted water quality in certain areas. Efforts are ongoing to address and mitigate these pollution problems through regulatory measures and conservation practices. Specific instances of pollution have led to increased awareness and actions to improve water quality.