An Overview of Idaho's Rivers and Lakes

Largest and Most Famous Rivers, Lakes, Reservoirs, and Streams

Idaho is home to prominent rivers like the Snake River and the Salmon River, both renowned for their natural beauty. Major lakes include Lake Pend Oreille, known for its depth and scenic surroundings, and American Falls Reservoir, which plays a crucial role in irrigation. These water bodies are key to the state's recreation and environment.

Sources of Water for Rivers, Lakes, and Streams

Most rivers and lakes in Idaho are primarily fed by local mountain snowmelt from ranges such as the Sawtooths and Bitterroots. Additionally, some rivers like the Snake River receive water from distant mountain ranges in neighboring states. This combination ensures a steady flow and supports diverse aquatic habitats.

Types of Rivers and Lakes

Idaho features various types of rivers and lakes. Major perennial rivers include the Snake River and the Salmon River, while lakes like Stanley Lake are formed by glacial activity. Man-made lakes such as Lake Coeur d'Alene were created for hydroelectric power and recreation.

Orientation of Rivers

Rivers in Idaho generally flow in a north-south direction. For example, the Salmon River and Clearwater River flow northward, while the Snake River flows westward across the state. The orientation of these rivers is influenced by the region’s mountainous terrain.

Natural vs. Manmade Lakes

Most of Idaho's lakes are natural, formed by geological processes such as glaciation. However, some lakes, like American Falls Reservoir, are man-made and serve purposes like irrigation and hydroelectric power. These artificial lakes were created by federal and state agencies.

Use of Rivers for Transportation

Idaho's rivers are not major transportation routes due to their rugged terrain and flow variations. They are primarily used for recreational activities rather than heavy commercial shipping. The rivers support activities such as fishing and boating rather than cargo transport.

Dams on Rivers and Lakes

Idaho has numerous dams on its rivers and lakes, primarily for irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control. Dams on the Snake River and other major rivers help manage water resources and provide recreational opportunities. These structures play a vital role in the state's water management.

Recreation on Rivers and Lakes

Idaho's rivers and lakes are popular for fishing, boating, and house boating. Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Salmon River are notable for their recreational use. These water bodies offer excellent opportunities for outdoor activities and attract many visitors each year.

Flooding Problems

Idaho's rivers can experience flooding, especially in wet years, which can affect local communities. Areas near levees and floodplains are particularly vulnerable to high water levels. Flooding issues can impact homes and infrastructure during periods of heavy rainfall.

Support for Agriculture

Several of Idaho’s rivers and reservoirs support the state's agriculture industry. The Snake River and its reservoirs are crucial for irrigation in agricultural areas. These water sources help sustain Idaho's extensive farming and crop production.

Pollution Problems

Some of Idaho’s rivers and lakes have experienced pollution issues, often due to agricultural runoff and industrial activities. Pollution has impacted water quality in certain areas if the Snake, affecting aquatic life and recreational use. Efforts are ongoing to address and mitigate these pollution sources.

Future Reservoir Projects

Idaho has plans for future reservoir projects to enhance water storage and management. These projects aim to support agricultural needs and provide additional recreational opportunities. The state is continually assessing its water resources and planning accordingly.