South Dakota State Maps
These maps show South Dakota States Counties, Cities, Federal Areas, Physiographic, and Ecoregions.

The 66 Counties of South Dakota and Their Name Origins
- Beadle County: Named for William H. H. Beadle, an American educator and South Dakota politician.
- Bennett County: Named for John E. Bennett, a pioneer and state legislator.
- Bon Homme County: French for "Good Man," named by French explorers for a nearby island in the Missouri River.
- Brookings County: Named for Wilmot W. Brookings, an early Dakota Territory settler and legislator.
- Brown County: Named for Alfred Brown, a legislator in the Dakota Territory.
- Brule County: Named for the Brulé Sioux, a division of the Teton Lakota people.
- Buffalo County: Named for the American bison (buffalo), which were once abundant in the region.
- Butte County: Named for the area's prominent buttes or isolated hills.
- Campbell County: Named for Norman B. Campbell, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Charles Mix County: Named for Charles Mix, a government negotiator with the Yankton Sioux.
- Clark County: Named for Newton Clark, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Clay County: Named for Henry Clay, a prominent American statesman.
- Codington County: Named for Reverend George S. S. Codington, an early settler and civic leader.
- Corson County: Named for Dighton Corson, a South Dakota Supreme Court judge.
- Custer County: Named for General George Armstrong Custer, famous for his role in the Indian Wars.
- Davison County: Named for Henry C. Davison, an early Dakota Territory settler.
- Day County: Named for Merritt H. Day, a legislator in the Dakota Territory.
- Deuel County: Named for Jacob Deuel, an early Dakota Territory settler and legislator.
- Dewey County: Named for William P. Dewey, a legislator in the Dakota Territory.
- Douglas County: Named for Stephen A. Douglas, an Illinois politician and presidential candidate.
- Edmunds County: Named for Newton Edmunds, a former governor of Dakota Territory.
- Fall River County: Named for the Fall River that runs through the county.
- Faulk County: Named for Andrew J. Faulk, a former governor of Dakota Territory.
- Grant County: Named for Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th President of the United States.
- Gregory County: Named for J. Shaw Gregory, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Haakon County: Named for King Haakon VII of Norway.
- Hamlin County: Named for Hannibal Hamlin, the 15th Vice President of the United States.
- Hand County: Named for George H. Hand, a secretary and acting governor of Dakota Territory.
- Hanson County: Named for Joseph R. Hanson, an early settler and legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Harding County: Named for J. A. Harding, a state legislator and rancher.
- Hughes County: Named for Alexander Hughes, an early settler and legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Hutchinson County: Named for John Hutchinson, an early settler and Dakota Territory legislator.
- Hyde County: Named for James Hyde, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Jackson County: Named for Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States.
- Jerauld County: Named for H. A. Jerauld, an early Dakota Territory legislator.
- Jones County: Named for George W. Jones, an early legislator and land speculator.
- Kingsbury County: Named for George W. Kingsbury, a legislator and historian of Dakota Territory.
- Lake County: Named for the many lakes in the area.
- Lawrence County: Named for John Lawrence, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Lincoln County: Named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States.
- Lyman County: Named for W. P. Lyman, an early settler and legislator in Dakota Territory.
- McCook County: Named for Edwin S. McCook, a former Secretary of Dakota Territory.
- McPherson County: Named for James B. McPherson, a Union General during the American Civil War.
- Marshall County: Named for Marshall Vincent, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Meade County: Named for George G. Meade, a Union General during the American Civil War.
- Mellette County: Named for Arthur C. Mellette, the last Governor of Dakota Territory and the first Governor of South Dakota.
- Miner County: Named for Nelson Miner, an early settler and legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Minnehaha County: Named for the Sioux word "Minnehaha," meaning "waterfall."
- Moody County: Named for Gideon C. Moody, an early U.S. Senator from South Dakota.
- Oglala Lakota County: Named for the Oglala Lakota tribe, part of the Great Sioux Nation.
- Pennington County: Named for John L. Pennington, a former Governor of Dakota Territory.
- Perkins County: Named for H.C. Perkins, a Dakota Territory legislator.
- Potter County: Named for Joel A. Potter, an early settler and legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Roberts County: Named for S.G. Roberts, an early legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Sanborn County: Named for George W. Sanborn, a railroad surveyor in Dakota Territory.
- Spink County: Named for S. L. Spink, a delegate to Congress from Dakota Territory.
- Stanley County: Named for David S. Stanley, a U.S. Army General.
- Sully County: Named for Alfred Sully, a Union General during the American Civil War.
- Todd County: Named for John Blair Smith Todd, a Dakota Territory legislator and military officer.
- Tripp County: Named for Bartlett Tripp, a Chief Justice of the Dakota Territory Supreme Court.
- Turner County: Named for John W. Turner, a legislator in Dakota Territory.
- Union County: Named for the Union during the American Civil War.
- Walworth County: Named for Walworth County, Wisconsin, from where many early settlers came.
- Yankton County: Named for the Yankton Sioux tribe, part of the Great Sioux Nation.
- Ziebach County: Named for Frank M. Ziebach, an early settler and editor of the Dakota Pioneer newspaper.

South Dakota State County Sizes Map
Smallest County in South Dakota State
Clay County: 417 sq miles
Largest County in South Dakota State
Meade County: 3474 sq miles
Mean and Median Area of Counties in South Dakota State
Mean Area: 1,100 sq miles
Median Area: 1,125 sq miles

Major Cities of South Dakota State and Their Locations
In South Dakota, most major cities are strategically located near rivers or along historic transportation routes. Below are examples of each type:
1. River Locations
Sioux Falls: The largest city in South Dakota, located near the Big Sioux River. Sioux Falls has historically been a center for trade and agriculture, with a growing economy centered around healthcare, finance, and retail.
Yankton: Situated along the Missouri River, Yankton was once the capital of Dakota Territory and remains an important hub for trade and river transport. It is known for its historic buildings and proximity to recreational areas along the river.
Vermillion: Located near the Missouri River, Vermillion is home to the University of South Dakota and has a history of river commerce and education. The river has been central to the city's development, providing transport and agricultural benefits.
2. Historic Routes
Rapid City: Located along historic transportation routes, Rapid City serves as the gateway to the Black Hills. Its economy is driven by tourism, retail, and healthcare, with visitors flocking to nearby attractions like Mount Rushmore and Badlands National Park.
Mitchell: Famous for the Corn Palace, Mitchell lies along Interstate 90 and was historically a key stop on the railroad. The city continues to thrive as a regional center for agriculture and trade.
Pierre: The state capital, Pierre is situated on the Missouri River and along historic transportation routes used by early explorers and traders. As the seat of state government, it plays a central role in politics and governance while maintaining a small-town atmosphere.
3. Other Major Cities
Huron: Huron, located in eastern South Dakota, is a regional agricultural hub known for hosting the South Dakota State Fair. Its development has been shaped by its agricultural economy and its central location in the state's eastern plains.
Brookings: Home to South Dakota State University, Brookings is a college town with a vibrant economy that revolves around education, research, and agricultural innovation. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the state.
Watertown: Located near Lake Kampeska, Watertown is a growing community that serves as a center for trade, manufacturing, and agriculture in northeastern South Dakota. Its scenic location also makes it a popular destination for outdoor recreation.

Topographic Tour of South Dakota
South Dakota offers diverse landscapes, from the rugged Black Hills to the expansive plains. The state's topography is shaped by its unique geology, climate, and natural features.
1. Black Hills
The Black Hills region in western South Dakota is known for its steep mountains, forests, and high plateaus. It includes iconic landmarks like Mount Rushmore, Custer State Park, and Wind Cave National Park. The rugged terrain supports a wide range of wildlife and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and rock climbing.
2. Great Plains
East of the Black Hills lies the expansive Great Plains, which cover most of South Dakota. The plains are a mix of rolling hills, flatlands, and fertile agricultural areas. This region is the heartland for ranching and farming, providing vast open spaces and grasslands that support agriculture, especially cattle grazing and crop farming.
3. Badlands
The Badlands in southwestern South Dakota feature striking eroded landscapes, with steep, colorful ridges, spires, and deep gorges. Badlands National Park is one of the most visited areas, showcasing dramatic terrain shaped by wind and water erosion, with fossil beds and unique wildlife.
4. Missouri River Valley
The Missouri River cuts through central South Dakota, carving out a wide valley that contrasts with the surrounding plains. This region has more varied topography, with bluffs, river valleys, and wetlands providing important habitats for wildlife and opportunities for recreation, such as fishing, boating, and camping.
5. Coteau des Prairies
This elevated plateau in northeastern South Dakota rises above the surrounding plains, featuring rolling hills, lakes, and wetlands. Formed by glacial activity, the Coteau des Prairies is important for agriculture and is home to numerous glacial lakes that support both wildlife and recreation, such as fishing and boating.
6. Prairie Coteau
Located in the northeast, the Prairie Coteau is a highland area formed by glacial deposition. It is characterized by rolling terrain with numerous small lakes, ponds, and wetlands. The area is primarily used for grazing and farming but also supports significant bird and wildlife habitats.

Physiographic Regions of South Dakota
Central Lowland, Dissected Till Plains
This region covers eastern South Dakota and is known for its fertile soils and agriculture, shaped by glaciation and river systems. The land is primarily flat to gently rolling, making it ideal for crop farming.
Great Plains, Black Hills
The Black Hills region is a mountainous area in the west, featuring steep hills, pine forests, and unique geological formations. This region is distinct from the surrounding plains and is popular for tourism, including Mount Rushmore and Custer State Park.
Central Lowland, Western Lake
This region features flat to gently rolling terrain dotted with numerous lakes, many of which were formed by glaciation. The fertile soil supports extensive agriculture, and the lakes provide habitats for migratory birds and recreational opportunities.
Great Plains, High Plains
Located in the western portion of South Dakota, this region is characterized by flat to gently rolling terrain with a semi-arid climate. It is primarily used for cattle ranching and dryland farming, and features expansive grasslands.
Great Plains, Missouri Plateau (Glaciated)
The glaciated portion of the Missouri Plateau in northern and eastern South Dakota consists of rolling hills, river valleys, and small lakes formed by glacial activity. Agriculture is dominant here, particularly grain farming and cattle ranching.
Great Plains, Missouri Plateau (Unglaciated)
This unglaciated section of the Missouri Plateau, located in central and western South Dakota, features more rugged terrain, including eroded hills, valleys, and badlands. It is less fertile than the glaciated areas, and is mainly used for ranching and dryland agriculture.

Notable Federal Lands: Some of the Largest and Most Fascinating Destinations in South Dakota
1. Badlands National Park
Badlands National Park showcases dramatic landscapes of eroded buttes, pinnacles, and spires, along with a rich fossil bed. It's one of the most visited parks in South Dakota and is known for its stunning views and diverse wildlife, including bison and bighorn sheep.
2. Wind Cave National Park
Wind Cave National Park features one of the longest and most complex caves in the world, known for its boxwork formations, which are unique in their intricate lattice structure. Above ground, the park preserves a mixed-grass prairie ecosystem that supports bison, elk, and prairie dogs.
3. Mount Rushmore National Memorial
Mount Rushmore is one of the most iconic landmarks in the United States, featuring the 60-foot carved faces of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. It attracts millions of visitors each year and symbolizes American history and culture.
4. Black Elk Wilderness Area
Located within the Black Hills National Forest, Black Elk Wilderness Area is known for its rugged terrain, granite peaks, and dense pine forests. Named after the Lakota Sioux spiritual leader, it offers numerous hiking and climbing opportunities, including the trail to Black Elk Peak, the highest point in South Dakota.
5. Badlands Wilderness Area
This designated wilderness within Badlands National Park offers a more remote and undeveloped experience of the park's striking eroded landscapes. The area provides opportunities for solitude, wildlife observation, and backcountry hiking.
6. Black Hills National Forest
The Black Hills National Forest covers over 1.2 million acres of rugged forested hills, meadows, and streams. It is a popular destination for hiking, camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing. The forest is also home to historic landmarks like Harney Peak (now Black Elk Peak) and features numerous recreational trails.
7. Deerfield Lake
Located within the Black Hills National Forest, Deerfield Lake is a scenic reservoir surrounded by dense pine forests and open meadows. It is a popular destination for fishing, boating, and camping, and provides access to nearby hiking and horseback riding trails.
8. Oglala National Grasslands
The Oglala National Grasslands in northwestern South Dakota feature vast open plains, rolling hills, and unique landforms such as the Toadstool Geological Park. This area is home to pronghorn antelope, prairie dogs, and various bird species, and offers opportunities for hiking, camping, and scenic drives.
9. Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge
Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, located in the northeastern part of the state, is a haven for migratory birds and waterfowl, including trumpeter swans, pelicans, and bald eagles. The refuge consists of wetlands, lakes, and grasslands, making it a prime location for birdwatching and wildlife photography.
10. Fort Pierre National Grassland
The Fort Pierre National Grassland is a vast area of rolling prairie in central South Dakota. It provides excellent opportunities for hunting, birdwatching, and exploring the wide-open spaces of the prairie ecosystem. It is also home to a variety of wildlife, including sharp-tailed grouse and white-tailed deer.
11. Custer National Forest
Custer National Forest, although primarily located in Montana, extends into western South Dakota. It is known for its rugged landscapes, forested hills, and open prairies. The forest offers hiking, camping, and opportunities to experience the natural beauty of the region's diverse ecosystems.
12. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge, located in northeastern South Dakota, is one of the most important waterfowl breeding and migration areas in the Central Flyway. The refuge features wetlands, lakes, and grasslands that support numerous species of birds, making it a top destination for birdwatchers.
13. Jewel Cave National Monument
Jewel Cave is the third-longest cave in the world, with over 200 miles of mapped passages. It is famous for its jewel-like calcite crystals and other unique formations. Visitors can explore the cave through guided tours, and the surrounding area offers hiking trails and wildlife viewing opportunities.

Ecoregions of South Dakota
Black Hills Section
The Black Hills Ecoregion is located in western South Dakota and is characterized by its mountainous terrain and pine forests. It supports diverse wildlife and is a popular tourist area.
North-Central Glaciated Plains Section
This ecoregion covers much of eastern South Dakota, defined by its flat to rolling terrain shaped by past glaciation. It is primarily agricultural, with wetlands and grasslands providing important habitats for birds.
Central Dissected Till Plains Section
This section is characterized by its rolling hills and loess-covered plains, resulting from ancient glaciation. It is highly fertile and supports extensive agricultural activities, particularly crop farming.
Nebraska Sand Hills Section
Located in the southern part of South Dakota, the Nebraska Sand Hills Section features sandy soils and dunes stabilized by grasses. It is an important area for ranching and wildlife habitat, including numerous bird species.
North-Central Great Plains Section
This ecoregion stretches across central South Dakota, where the landscape transitions into more arid plains. The section is known for its mixed-grass prairies and is used extensively for cattle grazing and dryland farming.
Northern Glaciated Plains Section
This ecoregion covers parts of northeastern South Dakota and features gently rolling plains formed by past glaciation. It is predominantly agricultural, with small prairie remnants and wetlands scattered throughout.
Northwestern Great Plains Section
Located in western South Dakota, the Northwestern Great Plains Ecoregion is characterized by vast grasslands and a semi-arid climate. It is mainly used for ranching, with some areas supporting dryland farming.
Red River Valley Section
This ecoregion, located in the far northeastern corner of South Dakota, features flat floodplains and rich soils, making it one of the most productive agricultural regions in the state. It supports crops like wheat, soybeans, and corn.
Western Glaciated Plains Section
This ecoregion extends into central and western South Dakota, characterized by a mix of rolling plains and glaciated terrain. Agriculture and ranching dominate the land use, and the area is known for its fertile soils and wetlands that support waterfowl populations.